Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last teeth to erupt in the mouth, typically appearing between the ages of 17 and 25. However, unlike other teeth, wisdom teeth often encounter problems during their eruption, frequently growing in sideways, at an angle, or becoming completely impacted beneath the gum line. This sideways growth, or impaction, is a common dental concern. But why does this happen? Let's explore the reasons behind this phenomenon.
What Causes Wisdom Teeth to Grow Sideways?
Several factors contribute to the sideways growth of wisdom teeth. These factors often interact, creating a perfect storm for impaction:
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Lack of Space: This is arguably the most significant reason. Our jaws haven't evolved to accommodate the large size of wisdom teeth. Over generations, our jaws have become smaller, leaving insufficient space for these latecomers. If there's not enough room, the wisdom teeth are forced to grow at an angle or become impacted.
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Genetics: Family history plays a crucial role. If your parents or siblings experienced impacted wisdom teeth, you have a higher likelihood of experiencing the same. Genetic factors influence jaw size and tooth development, predisposing some individuals to impaction.
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Crowding: Pre-existing crowding of other teeth in the jaw can exacerbate the space issue. If other teeth are already tightly packed, there's even less room for wisdom teeth to erupt properly.
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Angle of Eruption: The direction in which the wisdom teeth attempt to erupt also plays a part. If they are angled incorrectly from the start, they are more likely to become impacted against neighboring teeth or the jawbone.
What are the different types of wisdom teeth impaction?
Wisdom teeth impaction isn't a single phenomenon; it presents in various forms:
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Partial Impaction: The tooth partially emerges from the gum line, but is still covered by gum tissue. This can lead to gum inflammation and infection.
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Complete Impaction: The tooth remains completely submerged beneath the gum line and bone.
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Mesial Impaction: The wisdom tooth is angled towards the second molar.
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Distal Impaction: The wisdom tooth is angled away from the second molar.
How do dentists diagnose impacted wisdom teeth?
A dentist can usually diagnose impacted wisdom teeth through a visual examination and X-rays. Panoramic X-rays provide a comprehensive view of the jaw, clearly showing the position and development of wisdom teeth.
Are there any symptoms of impacted wisdom teeth?
Not all impacted wisdom teeth cause symptoms. However, some individuals experience:
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Pain or Swelling: Pressure from the impacted tooth against surrounding structures can cause localized pain and swelling.
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Infection: Partially erupted wisdom teeth are susceptible to infection due to the accumulation of food particles and bacteria under the gum line.
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Cysts or Tumors: In rare cases, impacted wisdom teeth can cause the formation of cysts or tumors.
Do I need to have my impacted wisdom teeth removed?
This decision depends on several factors, including the extent of impaction, presence of symptoms, and the dentist's assessment. Many dentists recommend removing impacted wisdom teeth to prevent potential future complications, even if they are not currently causing problems. This preventative approach aims to avoid potential infections, damage to adjacent teeth, and cyst formation.
What happens if I don't remove my impacted wisdom teeth?
Leaving impacted wisdom teeth in place carries risks, such as:
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Recurring infections: Impacted teeth can become recurrently infected, leading to pain, swelling, and the need for antibiotics.
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Damage to adjacent teeth: The pressure from the impacted tooth might damage the roots or crowns of neighboring molars.
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Cyst or tumor formation: As mentioned earlier, impacted teeth can lead to the development of cysts or tumors in the jawbone.
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Gum disease (pericoronitis): Inflammation of the gum tissue around a partially erupted wisdom tooth.
In conclusion, the sideways growth of wisdom teeth is a complex issue stemming from a combination of genetic predisposition, jaw size, and the angle of eruption. Understanding these factors and potential complications highlights the importance of regular dental checkups and timely intervention when necessary. Consulting with a dentist is crucial for personalized assessment and appropriate management of impacted wisdom teeth.
