A short cycling well pump, meaning it turns on and off repeatedly in quick succession, is a frustrating and potentially damaging problem. This constant cycling puts extra strain on the pump motor, leading to premature wear and tear, and it may also indicate a more serious underlying issue. This comprehensive guide will walk you through troubleshooting and fixing this common well pump problem.
Before you begin any troubleshooting, always turn off the power to the well pump at the breaker box. Safety should be your top priority.
Why is My Well Pump Short Cycling?
Several factors can cause a well pump to short cycle. Understanding the root cause is crucial for effective repair. The most common culprits include:
- Low Water Pressure: This is often the primary reason. If the pressure tank isn't holding enough pressure, the pump will turn on frequently to meet demand, resulting in short cycling.
- Air in the Pressure Tank: Air in the pressure tank reduces its capacity to store water, leading to frequent pump cycles.
- Leaking Pipes or Fixtures: Slow leaks can deplete the pressure tank quickly, triggering the pump to cycle more often.
- Malfunctioning Pressure Switch: The pressure switch controls the pump's on/off cycle. A faulty switch may activate the pump too frequently or fail to shut it off properly.
- Defective Well Pump: In some cases, the pump itself may be the problem. This is less common but should be considered if other issues are ruled out.
- Clogged Well Screen or Pump Intake: Sediment build-up can restrict water flow, causing the pump to work harder and short cycle.
Troubleshooting Your Short Cycling Well Pump
Let's systematically address the potential problems:
1. Checking Water Pressure
How to: Use a pressure gauge to measure the pressure in your pressure tank. The pressure should be within the range specified by the manufacturer (usually between 30 and 50 PSI when the pump is OFF). If the pressure is too low, you might need to add air to the tank.
2. Is There Air in the Pressure Tank?
How to: If the pressure is low, this could indicate air loss in the pressure tank. This requires adding air using a tire pump or similar device (the pressure valve is usually located on top of the tank). Be careful not to over-inflate. Remember to check the manufacturer's specifications for the correct pressure.
3. Inspecting for Leaks
How to: Carefully inspect all pipes and fixtures connected to your well system for any signs of leaks. Look for dampness, dripping water, or unusual sounds. Repair any leaks promptly.
4. Testing the Pressure Switch
How to: This is more complex and often requires a multimeter to check the switch's electrical contacts and pressure settings. If you're not comfortable with electrical work, it's best to call a qualified well pump technician. The pressure switch has two adjustable screws (cut-in and cut-out pressure). Improper settings can cause short cycling.
5. Investigating Well Screen or Pump Intake Clogging
How to: This usually requires professional intervention. A clogged well screen or pump intake restricts water flow, leading to short cycling. A well technician can use specialized equipment to clean or replace the screen as needed.
6. Assessing the Well Pump Itself
How to: If all other possibilities are ruled out, the pump itself might be defective. This usually requires a professional assessment and potentially replacement.
What Happens if I Ignore a Short Cycling Well Pump?
Ignoring a short cycling well pump can lead to several serious problems:
- Burned-out motor: The constant cycling puts excessive strain on the motor, leading to overheating and eventual failure.
- Reduced lifespan: Short cycling significantly reduces the pump's overall lifespan.
- Increased energy costs: The pump consumes more energy when it's cycling frequently.
- Water damage: If the problem is a leak, it can lead to significant water damage to your property.
When to Call a Professional
While some basic troubleshooting can be done by homeowners, it’s important to know when to call a professional well pump technician. If you're uncomfortable working with electrical systems or plumbing, or if you can't identify the problem after trying the troubleshooting steps, it's always best to seek professional help. A qualified technician possesses the expertise and tools to diagnose and fix complex well pump issues efficiently and safely.
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of how to address a short cycling well pump. Remember, safety should always be your top priority, and don't hesitate to call a professional if needed.
